The word "效应" is formed through a conceptual combination where the first character "效" (xiào), meaning "effect" or "result", is joined with the second character "应" (yìng), meaning "response" or "correspondence". Together, they create a compound that conceptually represents the "effect and its corresponding response", essentially describing a phenomenon where a specific cause produces a predictable and observable outcome, akin to the scientific or systemic concept of an "effect".