The word "诸葛亮" is formed by combining the compound surname "诸葛", comprised of the characters "诸" and "葛", with the given name "亮". "诸葛" serves as a hereditary surname originating from historical clan or place names, while "亮" is a personal name meaning "bright". The construction places the surname before the given name, resulting in the full name for the historical figure Zhuge Liang.