The word 谦虚 is a compound formed by combining two distinct but semantically related characters: 谦, which means "humble" or "modest", and 虚, which means "empty" or "unpretentious". In classical Chinese thought, both concepts are virtues associated with self-restraint and a lack of arrogance; 谦 emphasizes a respectful demeanor, while 虚 suggests an open, receptive mind free from preconceived notions. Together, they create a synergistic term where the meanings reinforce each other, resulting in the comprehensive modern concept of "modesty" or "humbleness", describing both an attitude of not overestimating oneself and a gracious openness to others.