The word 研发 (yánfā), meaning "research and development" (R&D), is a two-character compound formed by combining two independent, meaningful morphemes. The first character, 研 (yán), means "to grind" or "to study thoroughly", thus carrying the core sense of "research". The second character, 发 (fā), originates from the concept of "shooting an arrow" and has extended meanings like "to issue", "to develop", or "to expand". When combined in this coordinating (or paratactic) structure, the two characters create a new, composite term where the meanings are fused and streamlined, succinctly capturing the entire iterative process from initial in-depth study (研) to the subsequent creation and rollout of new products or technologies (发).