Definitions

yán (verb) to research; to study
yán (verb) to grind

Etymology

Phonosemantic compound. represents the meaning and represents the sound.

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

The character 研 is a phono-semantic compound. The left-side radical 石 (stone) provides its core meaning related to rocks and hard materials, while the right component 幵 acts as the phonetic element. Originally, 研 described the physical act of grinding, crushing, or rubbing materials with a stone, such as grinding ink or processing grain. This concept of breaking something down into finer particles later extended metaphorically to the intellectual realm. Thus, the character's primary modern meaning came to represent deep study, careful research, and rigorous academic or scientific investigation.

Etymology Hide

Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

我们在究问题。

Wǒmen zài yánjiū wèntí.

We are researching problems.

科学家究新药物。

Kēxuéjiā yánjiū xīn yàowù.

Scientists research new drugs.

公司发新产品。

Gōngsī yánfā xīn chǎnpǐn.

The company develops new products.

磨咖啡豆。

Tā yánmó kāfēi dòu.

He grinds coffee beans.

这个究结果很重要。

Zhège yánjiū jiéguǒ hěn zhòngyào.

This research result is very important.

他们正在深入究这个课题。

Tāmen zhèngzài shēnrù yánjiū zhège kètí.

They are deeply researching this topic.

为了成功,我们必须仔细究市场。

Wèile chénggōng, wǒmen bìxū zǐxì yánjiū shìchǎng.

To succeed, we must carefully research the market.

经过多年的究,他终于发现了真相。

Jīngguò duōnián de yánjiū, tā zhōngyú fāxiànle zhēnxiàng.

After years of research, he finally discovered the truth.