The word "鞭挞" is formed by combining the character "鞭", which means whip, and "挞", which means to flog; together they create a verb denoting the action of whipping or lashing, often extended to mean severe criticism. Each character contributes directly to the meaning, with "鞭" referencing the instrument and "挞" the action, resulting in a compound that conveys forceful punishment or condemnation.