The word 犯规 is formed by directly combining two meaningful characters: 犯, which carries the core idea of "to violate" or "to offend", and 规, which represents the concept of "rules" or "regulations". The formation is a straightforward conceptual fusion where the first character acts upon the second, creating the complete notion of "to violate the rules". It is a logical and semantic compound where the meaning of the whole is transparently derived from the sum of its parts.