The Chinese word 兴奋剂 (xīngfènjì), meaning "stimulant" or "doping agent", is a compound noun formed through semantic combination: the first two characters, 兴奋 (xīngfèn), mean "excited" or "stimulated", and the final character, 剂 (jì), means "agent" or "chemical substance". Therefore, the term literally translates to "an agent that causes excitement/stimulation", directly describing its function as a substance that heightens physiological or neurological activity.