The word "可怜虫" is a compound formed through metaphorical extension, where the literal adjective "可怜" (kělián, meaning "pitiful" or "miserable") is combined with the noun "虫" (chóng, meaning "worm" or "insect"). In this construction, "虫" is used not in its literal sense but as a derogatory suffix to characterize a person, implying they are a lowly, contemptible, and weak being. The entire term thus functions as a derogatory noun, labeling someone as a "pitiful wretch" or "despicable creature", whose weakness or misery inspires both pity and disdain.