Definitions

chù to be afraid

Etymology

A pained heart  also provides the pronunciation

About

The character "憷" is structured with the heart radical (忄) alongside the component "楚", which provides both phonetic guidance and semantic association with pain or distress, indicating an original connection to emotional alarm or fear. Its meaning shifted from this broader sense of distress to a more specific connotation of timidity or reluctance, often describing hesitation in the face of a daunting situation. The character's composition has not seen substantial modification, retaining its form across historical usage.