Definitions

sad (old)

Etymology

About

The character is an ideogrammatic and phonetic compound (phono-semantic) that primarily indicates extreme grief, sorrow, or pain, whether physical or emotional. Structurally, it is composed of the radical (blood), anchoring it in physical suffering or the image of shedding tears of blood. The upper portion combines (brush) and (two hundred), with functioning as the phonetic component to suggest the pronunciation. Over time, the meaning shifted from direct physical injury and bleeding to a more abstract sense of intense emotional distress or heartbreak. Historically, the character appeared in texts to convey profound mourning or the sorrow of common people during hardships, though its use has become rare in modern contexts.

Etymology Hide

Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern