The Chinese word 精明 is a compound formed by combining two individual characters, each contributing distinct but complementary meanings. 精 (jīng) originally connotes something refined, pure, or the essence of something, implying depth and selectivity. 明 (míng) means bright, clear, or intelligent, suggesting clarity and perceptiveness. When fused, these semantic elements metaphorically extend to describe a person who is astute, shrewd, and sharp-witted, one who possesses a refined, penetrating clarity of mind that allows for clever judgment and practical intelligence in navigating situations.