Definitions

chén (noun) official; minister
chén (noun) servant; subject (of a ruler)

Etymology

Pictograph of an eye, similar to . Based on the original meaning "glare at", now written as . The current meaning is a phonetic loan.

About

The character "臣" originated as a pictograph of an eye turned sideways, representing a submissive gaze, and its structure has remained an indivisible unit in traditional orthography. Initially denoting a captive or servant, its meaning evolved through feudal contexts to specify a subordinate loyal to a ruler, eventually narrowing to refer to a minister or high official in imperial bureaucracy. This semantic shift from a general state of servitude to a defined political role aligns with historical changes in social hierarchy, and the character continues to carry this connotation in contemporary language within historical and compound terms.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Western Zhou (~800 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Warring States (~250 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

这位大很忠诚。

Zhè wèi dàchén hěn zhōngchéng.

This minister is very loyal.

向国王报告。

Dàchén xiàng guówáng bàogào.

The minister reports to the king.

古代子必须忠心。

Gǔdài chénzǐ bìxū zhōngxīn.

In ancient times, officials had to be loyal.

服于强大的力量。

Tā chénfú yú qiángdà de lìliàng.

He submits to the powerful force.

这位大不仅聪明,而且勇敢。

Zhè wèi dàchén bùjǐn cōngmíng, érqiě yǒnggǎn.

This minister is not only intelligent but also brave.

在历史上,许多子为国王牺牲。

Zài lìshǐ shàng, xǔduō chénzǐ wèi guówáng xīshēng.

In history, many officials sacrificed for the king.

们正在讨论国家大事。

Dàchénmen zhèngzài tǎolùn guójiā dàshì.

The ministers are discussing important national affairs.

尽管面临困难,子依然保持忠诚。

Jǐnguǎn miànlín kùnnán, chénzǐ yīrán bǎochí zhōngchéng.

Despite facing difficulties, the official still remains loyal.