暨

jì

既 + 旦

HSK 3.0Level 7

Definitions

jì (literary) and; as well as; (literary) up to; as far as (as in 暨今[jì jīn] "up to now")

Etymology

Phonosemantic compound. 旦 represents the meaning and 既 represents the sound.

Semantic: 旦 Phonetic: 既

About

暨 (jì) is a phono-semantic compound formed by 既 (jì) as the phonetic and 旦 (dàn, "dawn") as the semantic component. The character originally depicted the sun reaching the horizon at daybreak, conveying the idea of arriving or extending to a point. From this concrete image it developed the abstract senses of reaching a limit, attaining, or arriving at a destination. In modern Chinese, that core notion of reaching has grammaticalized, and 暨 now functions as a formal conjunction meaning "and" or "together with". This usage is largely absent from casual speech; the character appears almost exclusively in formal writing, official documents and academic texts, where it connects nouns or phrases with an elevated, dignified register.

Etymology Hide

Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)

Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)

Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)

Clerical Cao Wei (Three Kingdoms: 222-280 AD)

Traditional Modern

Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

我参观了暨南大学。

Wǒ cānguānle Jìnán Dàxué.

I visited Jinan University.

会议讨论了经济暨社会发展问题。

Huìyì tǎolùnle jīngjì jì shèhuì fāzhǎn wèntí.

The meeting discussed economic and social development issues.

本次活动由学校暨社区共同组织。

Běn cì huódòng yóu xuéxiào jì shèqū gòngtóng zǔzhī.

This event is jointly organized by the school and the community.

开幕式暨颁奖典礼将在明天举行。

Kāimùshì jì bānjiǎng diǎnlǐ jiāng zài míngtiān jǔxíng.

The opening ceremony and award ceremony will be held tomorrow.

他负责管理财务暨人事工作，非常忙碌。

Tā fùzé guǎnlǐ cáiwù jì rénshì gōngzuò, fēicháng mánglù.

He is responsible for managing financial and personnel work, so he is very busy.

本次研讨会旨在促进学术交流暨合作创新。

Běn cì yántǎohuì zhǐ zài cùjìn xuéshù jiāoliú jì hézuò chuàngxīn.

This seminar aims to promote academic exchange and cooperative innovation.

公司发布了年度报告暨未来发展规划。

Gōngsī fābùle niándù bàogào jì wèilái fāzhǎn guīhuà.

The company released the annual report and future development plan.

在全球化背景下，文化传承暨科技创新成为国家战略的重要组成部分。

Zài quánqiúhuà bèijǐng xià, wénhuà chuánchéng jì kējì chuàngxīn chéngwéi guójiā zhànlüè de zhòngyào zǔchéng bùfèn.

In the context of globalization, cultural heritage and technological innovation have become an important part of national strategy.

Related Characters

Component: 既

Component: 旦

暨