Definitions

cold, hungry; to mistreat a prisoner

Etymology phono-semantic

sickness

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

is a phono-semantic compound: the sickness radical gives the meaning, and the phonetic gives the pronunciation. The character originally denoted prisoners dying in confinement from cold, hunger, maltreatment, or disease, a grim reality closely connected to the radical. In classical texts, its sense broadened to include maltreatment or physical suffering in general. Today, is a rare term that appears overwhelmingly in historical and literary sources, not in everyday Chinese.