Definitions

chù crimson silk; deficiency; to stitch

Etymology

Phonosemantic compound. represents the meaning and represents the sound. Simplified form of .

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

The character is a phonosemantic compound, simplified from . Its semantic radical ('silk') points to the original sense of a crimson or dark red silk cord used in traditional garments, while the right-hand component indicates the pronunciation. Over time, the character's meaning shifted from this concrete object to abstract concepts of deficiency, shortage, or inadequacy, most notably in financial contexts, where it appears in words for deficit. This semantic change likely occurred through phonetic borrowing, in which the graph was reused to write a homophonous word with the meaning 'to run short.'

Etymology Hide

Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern