Definitions

thistle; common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus); bitter (taste); cruel; flowering grass in profusion

Etymology

Phonosemantic compound. represents the meaning and represents the sound.

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

The character "荼" is composed of the grass radical (艹) above the phonetic component "余", structurally signaling its classification as a plant. Its earliest recorded meanings refer to a bitter edible plant and a white flowering reed used in rituals. By the medieval period, the same character was also employed to denote the beverage tea, leading to a period of semantic overlap. To resolve this ambiguity, a distinct character for tea, "茶", was derived by removing a single horizontal stroke from the lower component "余", thereby allowing "荼" to retain and specialize in its earlier associations with bitterness and toxicity, as evidenced in terms like "荼毒". This etymological shift resulted in a clear functional division between the two forms.

Etymology Hide

Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

暴力游戏毒儿童。

Bàolì yóuxì túdú értóng.

Violent games poison children.

不良信息毒青少年。

Bùliáng xìnxī túdú qīngshàonián.

Bad information poisons teenagers.

院子里的蘼花开了。

Yuànzi lǐ de túmí huā kāile.

The roses in the yard have bloomed.

网络谣言毒社会风气。

Wǎngluò yáoyán túdú shèhuì fēngqì.

Online rumors poison the social atmosphere.

这种毒素毒人体健康。

Zhè zhǒng dúsù túdú réntǐ jiànkāng.

This kind of toxin poisons human health.

战争毒了无数平民的生活。

Zhànzhēng túdúle wúshù píngmín de shēnghuó.

War has poisoned the lives of countless civilians.

那些极端思想毒了年轻人的心灵。

Nàxiē jíduān sīxiǎng túdúle niánqīng rén de xīnlíng.

Those extreme thoughts have poisoned the minds of young people.

尽管有法律法规禁止,这种有害文化依然毒着脆弱社区。

Jǐnguǎn yǒu fǎlǜ fǎguī jìnzhǐ, zhè zhǒng yǒuhài wénhuà yīrán túdúzhe cuìruò shèqū.

Despite laws and regulations prohibiting it, this harmful culture still poisons vulnerable communities.