Definitions

gōng (pronoun) oneself; personally
gōng (verb) to bow

Etymology

Phonosemantic compound. represents the meaning and represents the sound.

About

The character 躬, formed from the components 身 (body) and 弓 (bow), originally depicted a bowed physical posture, conveying the concrete idea of bending or the body itself. Its meaning gradually extended from this literal sense to express abstract concepts of personal involvement and direct action, often used in classical texts to signify "oneself" or "personally", as in terms like 躬行 for personal practice. This semantic shift from a physical gesture to a metaphor for earnest engagement illustrates how the character's structural etymology continued to influence its evolving usage over time.

Etymology Hide

Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Cao Wei (Three Kingdoms: 222-280 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

他鞠表示敬意。

Tā jūgōng biǎoshì jìngyì.

He bowed to show respect.

服务员向客人鞠

Fúwùyuán xiàng kèrén jūgōng.

The waiter bowed to the guests.

身捡起地上的书。

Tā gōngshēn jiǎn qǐ dìshàng de shū.

He bent down to pick up the book on the ground.

领导身听取群众意见。

Lǐngdǎo gōngshēn tīngqǔ qúnzhòng yìjiàn.

The leader personally listened to the masses' opinions.

她亲自身实践这个计划。

Tā qīnzì gōngshēn shíjiàn zhège jìhuà.

She personally practiced this plan.

在会议上,他身道歉,态度诚恳。

Zài huìyì shàng, tā gōngshēn dàoqiàn, tàidù chéngkěn.

At the meeting, he bowed to apologize, with a sincere attitude.

为了了解实际情况,他身深入基层调研。

Wèile liǎojiě shíjì qíngkuàng, tā gōngshēn shēnrù jīcéng diàoyán.

In order to understand the actual situation, he personally went deep into the grassroots for investigation.

只有身参与其中,才能体会其中的艰辛与快乐。

Zhǐyǒu gōngshēn cānyù qízhōng, cáinéng tǐhuì qízhōng de jiānxīn yǔ kuàilè.

Only by personally participating in it can one experience the hardships and joys within.