Definitions

cóng surname Cong
cóng jade tube with round hole and rectangular sides, used ceremonially in ancient times

Etymology phono-semantic

jade

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

is a phono-semantic compound: the left-side radical , which serves as the combining form of the jade radical, indicates a semantic connection to jade and precious stones, while the right-side component functions as the phonetic to guide the pronunciation. It names a highly specific ritual jade object, a hollow cylindrical inner tube encased within a square or rectangular outer block. These physical artifacts functioned as critical ceremonial instruments in state rituals to offer sacrifices to the earth, representing the cosmological concept of a square earth. The structural precision of the character underscores the highly specialized terminology used to classify ceremonial jade items according to their exact geometric proportions.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern