Definitions

xià (noun) summer
Xià (noun) the Xia dynasty (c. 2000 BC)

Etymology

Pictograph of a person, represented by their head () and feet (), being heated underneath the sun (). The sun component was later omitted for brevity during the Warring States period.

About

The character 夏, which remains identical in both traditional and simplified scripts, originated as a pictographic representation of a person, specifically one with emphasized limbs and head, conveying a sense of grandeur or majesty. Over time, its structure stabilized into a form composed of a page 頁, representing a head, atop components suggesting limbs and torso. This human-centric etymology underpins its earliest meanings, as it was used as the name for a legendary dynasty and, by extension, for the Huaxia people, a historical term for the Chinese civilization. From this core concept of a great people or civilization, its semantic field expanded in two primary directions: it became the standard word for "summer", likely through an associative link between the season's vibrancy and the flourishing of human activity, and it persists as a literary or formal name for China itself, as seen in terms like Huaxia.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Western Zhou (~800 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Warring States (~400 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Mid Warring States (~300 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Mid Warring States (~300 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

天天气很热。

Xiàtiān tiānqì hěn rè.

The weather in summer is very hot.

我喜欢天游泳。

Wǒ xǐhuān xiàtiān yóuyǒng.

I like swimming in summer.

天我们常去海边。

Xiàtiān wǒmen cháng qù hǎibiān.

We often go to the beach in summer.

每年的天都很漫长。

Měi nián de xiàtiān dōu hěn màncháng.

Every year, summer is very long.

季是旅游的好季节。

Xiàjì shì lǚyóu de hǎo jìjié.

Summer is a good season for travel.

天比春天温度高很多。

Xiàtiān bǐ chūntiān wēndù gāo hěnduō.

Summer is much hotter than spring.

如果天不下雨,我们就去野餐。

Rúguǒ xiàtiān bù xiàyǔ, wǒmen jiù qù yěcān.

If it doesn't rain in summer, we will go for a picnic.

尽管天炎热,但我还是喜欢它的阳光和活力。

Jǐnguǎn xiàtiān yánrè, dàn wǒ háishì xǐhuān tā de yángguāng hé huólì.

Although summer is hot, I still like its sunshine and vitality.