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庥 is a phono-semantic compound combining the shelter radical 广 (yǎn) and the phonetic 休 (xiū, 'to rest'). The idea of resting under a roof gives its primary meanings of shade, shelter, and protection from the elements. In classical and formal writing, this physical sheltering extended to metaphors of divine blessing, grace, or a ruler's benevolent protection, so the character is reserved for formal, poetic, or religious contexts rather than everyday speech.
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