Definitions

bad; useless; weak

Etymology phono-semantic

cave

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

(yǔ) conveys the sense of being inherently flawed, physically weak, inherently lazy, or of inferior quality. Structurally, it combines the cave radical (xué) at the top with a lower component that includes (guā, 'melon, gourd'). traditionally suggests emptiness, hollowness, or deficiency. Together with , the character evokes a gourd that has grown hollow and defective inside its shell, an apt image for inherent weakness and poor growth. Although its exact etymology remains debated, this agricultural metaphor is widely accepted. Over centuries, the meaning solidified into a formal literary adjective used exclusively to criticize shoddy workmanship, moral laziness, or objects that fail to meet expected standards of structural integrity and functional utility.

Etymology Hide

Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern