Definitions

surname Ju
to incline (one's torso); to bow; leather ball used in ancient times; (literary) to bring up; to rear; Taiwan pr. [jú]

Etymology phono-semantic

leather

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

The character "鞠" is a phono-semantic compound incorporating the radical "革" for leather and the component "匊" which provides both phonetic value and an associated meaning of bending or curving, suggesting an initial connection to flexible leather objects. This etymological foundation led to its early application denoting a leather ball stuffed with feathers, central to the ancient sport of cuju, from which the character’s usage extended to refer to the game itself. Over time, the semantic field of "鞠" broadened to include concepts of thorough investigation or interrogation, likely derived from the meticulous attention involved in both crafting the ball and engaging in play, while the inherent idea of bending also evolved into expressions of reverence, as in the term for bowing. Despite maintaining its structural integrity, the character’s meanings have thus shifted and multiplied in response to cultural and linguistic developments.

Etymology Hide

Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

演员向观众躬。

Yǎnyuán xiàng guānzhòng jūgōng.

The actor bowed to the audience.

他每次演出后都躬。

Tā měi cì yǎnchū hòu dōu jūgōng.

He bows after every performance.

为表达感谢,他躬致意。

Wèi biǎodá gǎnxiè, tā jūgōng zhìyì.

To express gratitude, he bowed in salute.

在典礼上,主持人躬欢迎来宾。

Zài diǎnlǐ shàng, zhǔchírén jūgōng huānyíng láibīn.

At the ceremony, the host bowed to welcome the guests.

父母养子女成人。

Fùmǔ jūyǎng zǐnǚ chéngrén.

Parents raise children to adulthood.

躬时显得非常诚恳。

Tā jūgōng shí xiǎndé fēicháng chéngkěn.

When he bowed, he appeared very sincere.

在传统文化中,躬是一种重要礼节。

Zài chuántǒng wénhuà zhōng, jūgōng shì yī zhǒng zhòngyào lǐjié.

In traditional culture, bowing is an important etiquette.

经过多年的育,这些孩子终于成才。

Jīngguò duō nián de jūyù, zhèxiē háizi zhōngyú chéngcái.

After years of nurturing, these children finally became talented individuals.