Definitions

(particle) how? (emphatic question)
kǎi (adjective) happy; joyful

Etymology

Simplified form of . Pictograph of a drum standing upright with a decoration at top, similar to . Refers to celebratory music played after victory in battle.

Phonetic:

About

The character "岂" derives from its traditional form "豈", a structure that visually represents a drum with decorative elements, originally associated with musical performance and celebratory contexts. Through linguistic repurposing based on phonetic similarity, it gradually transitioned from denoting concrete musical concepts to functioning as an interrogative particle, commonly used to introduce rhetorical questions or convey sentiments of disbelief. This semantic shift from a noun to a grammatical marker reflects a broader tendency in the language where characters acquire abstract meanings over centuries. The simplified form "岂" maintains the essential identity of the older character through a reduced stroke count, continuing its role in modern usage without altering the fundamental meaning established through its historical development.

Etymology Hide

Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Cao Wei (Three Kingdoms: 222-280 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

不是很好?

Zhè qǐbùshì hěn hǎo?

Isn't this very good?

能不知道?

Nǐ qǐnéng bù zhīdào?

How could you possibly not know?

这样做不是浪费时间?

Zhèyàng zuò qǐbùshì làngfèi shíjiān?

Wouldn't doing it this way be a waste of time?

会轻易答应这种条件?

Tā qǐ huì qīngyì dāyìng zhè zhǒng tiáojiàn?

How could he possibly agree to such terms easily?

可听信一面之词?

Nǐ qǐ kě tīngxìn yīmiànzhīcí?

How can you just believe one side of the story?

此事的发展是我们能预料的?

Cǐ shì de fāzhǎn qǐ shì wǒmen néng yùliào de?

How could the development of this matter be something we can foresee?

是那种背信弃义的小人?

Tā qǐ shì nà zhǒng bèixìnqìyì de xiǎorén?

Is he really that kind of untrustworthy villain who betrays faith and justice?

面对如此诘问,他有不慌张之理?

Miànduì rúcǐ jíwèn, tā qǐ yǒu bù huāngzhāng zhī lǐ?

Faced with such cross-examination, how could he possibly have any reason not to be flustered?