Definitions

shěn interrogative particle; much more, still more

Etymology phono-semantic

pull

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

is a phono-semantic compound: the left side is the arrow radical associated with archery and weaponry, while the right side serves as the phonetic, also meaning "to draw a bow". In classical Chinese, however, the character entirely sheds its martial imagery and functions as an abstract conjunction or adverb meaning "much less", "let alone", or "how much more". This semantic shift turned a concrete bow-and-arrow symbol into a grammatical particle that emphasizes a statement by contrasting it with an even more obvious preceding one, typical of formal classical discourse.

Etymology Hide

Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern