Definitions

xiòng (literary) to spy; to pry into

Etymology

About

is a phono-semantic compound: the simplified speech radical (yán) on the left situates it within the realm of speech and communication, and the right-hand component (jiōng) serves as the phonetic, indicating the pronunciation without adding semantic value. The traditional version of the character is , which replaces the simplified radical with the full-form but keeps the phonetic unchanged. Its meaning is the secretive gathering and reporting of information, spying, scouting, or seeking out intelligence to pass on to others, and it typically occurs in historical, military, and tactical contexts.

Etymology Hide

Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Shang dynasty (~1100 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern