Definitions

shì to borrow; to pardon; loan

Etymology phono-semantic

money

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

(traditional form ) is a phono-semantic compound: the upper element provides the sound, while the lower element , the cowrie shell radical, marks it as pertaining to wealth, currency, or commerce. Its primary lexical meaning is borrowing, renting, or purchasing goods on credit, reflecting historical commercial practices. A secondary judicial meaning emerged in classical literature, where it denotes pardoning, showing leniency, or remitting a punishment. At the core of both senses lies the idea of a deferred obligation, delaying a payment in trade or postponing retribution in law. Thus, whether financial or punitive, always involves a suspension of what is due.

Etymology Hide

Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern