Definitions

xián (noun) string of musical instrument
xián (noun) bowstring
xián (noun) chord (geometry)
xián (noun) hypotenuse

Etymology phono-semantic

bow

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

The character "弦" structurally integrates the semantic radical "弓", denoting a bow, with the component "玄", which primarily indicates pronunciation, originating from the concrete concept of a bowstring. Its meaning progressively expanded from this specific referent to encompass the strings of musical instruments, signifying a shift from functional to artistic applications. Over time, the term further generalized to describe any taut line, leading to its adoption in geometry for elements like the chord of a circle and in literary contexts for metaphorical images such as the crescent moon, thereby maintaining a core association with linear tension across diverse domains.

Etymology Hide

Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

这把琴的很旧。

Zhè bǎ qín de xián hěn jiù.

The strings of this instrument are very old.

音乐课上我们学习乐。

Yīnyuè kè shàng wǒmen xuéxí xián yuè.

In music class, we learn about string music.

吉他需要定期更换

Jítā xūyào dìngqī gēnghuàn xián.

Guitars need to have their strings changed regularly.

小提琴的通常由金属制成。

Xiǎotíqín de xián tōngcháng yóu jīnshǔ zhì chéng.

Violin strings are usually made of metal.

他精通各种乐器的演奏。

Tā jīngtōng gèzhǒng xián yuèqì de yǎnzòu.

He is proficient in playing various string instruments.

理论是物理学中的一个重要概念。

Xián lǐlùn shì wùlǐxué zhōng de yīgè zhòngyào gàiniàn.

String theory is an important concept in physics.

在几何学中,是圆上连接两点的线段。

Zài jǐhéxué zhōng, xián shì yuán shàng liánjiē liǎng diǎn de xiànduàn.

In geometry, a chord is a line segment connecting two points on a circle.

现代乐四重奏通常由两把小提琴、一把中提琴和一把大提琴组成。

Xiàndài xián yuè sì chóngzòu tōngcháng yóu liǎng bǎ xiǎotíqín, yī bǎ zhōngtíqín hé yī bǎ dàtíqín zǔ chéng.

A modern string quartet usually consists of two violins, one viola, and one cello.