Definitions

guó to cut off the left ear; to tally the enemy's dead

Etymology

To cut off  the enemy's ears  also provides the pronunciation

About

The character 馘 is a phono-semantic compound. Its semantic radical 首 (head) indicates the meaning, while the component 戓 provides the phonetic element. It refers specifically to the ancient military practice of severing the left ear of a slain enemy to count casualties and claim rewards. Due to this tightly defined connection to a historical battlefield atrocity, the character has no modern usage and appears only in classical texts describing methods of tallying military merit.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Shang dynasty (~1100 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Mid Western Zhou (~900 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Western Zhou (~800 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Western Zhou (~800 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern