Definitions

xiōng (adjective) fierce; vicious
xiōng (adjective) ominous; inauspicious
xiōng (noun) disaster; calamity

Etymology

Pictograph of a trap in the ground.

About

The character "凶" finds its origins in an ideographic composition representing a pit or hollow enclosure surmounted by crossing lines, which together conveyed the concept of a confined and hazardous space. This structural arrangement, with its components suggesting both containment and obstruction, inherently carried connotations of peril and inauspicious circumstances. Its early meanings were closely tied to omens of misfortune and physical harm, often derived from the idea of a trap. Over time, the semantic scope of the character widened significantly, moving beyond mere external danger to encompass abstract qualities of malevolence, ferocity, and a violent nature, thereby applying to both events and human character. The graphical form has maintained a consistent core structure throughout its history, preserving the visual allusion to its initial etymological sense while supporting its evolved and broadened range of meanings.

Etymology Hide

Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Jin dynasty (266-420 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

这只老虎非常猛。

Zhè zhǐ lǎohǔ fēicháng xiōngměng.

This tiger is very fierce.

手已经被警察抓住了。

Xiōngshǒu yǐjīng bèi jǐngchá zhuā zhù le.

The murderer has been caught by the police.

他的样子很恶。

Tā de yàngzi hěn xiōng'è.

His appearance is very fierce.

山路十分险,要小心。

Shānlù shífēn xiōngxiǎn, yào xiǎoxīn.

The mountain road is very dangerous, be careful.

警方找到了器。

Jǐngfāng zhǎo dào le xiōngqì.

The police found the weapon.

这被认为是一个兆。

Zhè bèi rènwéi shì yīgè xiōngzhào.

This is considered a bad omen.

难料,我们只能做好准备。

Jíxiōng nán liào, wǒmen zhǐ néng zuò hǎo zhǔnbèi.

It's hard to predict good or bad luck, we can only be prepared.

尽管环境险,他们还是完成了任务。

Jǐnguán huánjìng xiōngxiǎn, tāmen háishì wánchéng le rènwù.

Despite the dangerous environment, they still completed the mission.