Definitions

Xiōng (noun) chest; breast
xiōng (noun,adjective) Hungary; Hungarian

Etymology

Phonosemantic compound. represents the meaning and represents the sound.

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

The character 匈 is structurally composed of the enveloping radical 勹 and the component 凶, and it originally carried the meaning of the human chest or bosom in early Chinese usage. This sense is preserved in the related character 胸, which incorporated 匈 as a phonetic element to specifically denote the chest. The independent semantic function of 匈 for this bodily part gradually diminished, and its primary modern application became lexical, forming the first part of the historical ethnonym 匈奴, which refers to the nomadic Xiongnu confederation. The component 凶, with its connotations of fierceness or menace, may align with perceptions of this group, though 匈 in this compound serves mainly as a phonetic signifier.

Etymology Hide

Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Cao Wei (Three Kingdoms: 222-280 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

牙利在欧洲。

Xiōngyálì zài Ōuzhōu.

Hungary is in Europe.

我朋友去过牙利。

Wǒ péngyou qù guò Xiōngyálì.

My friend has been to Hungary.

牙利首都是布达佩斯。

Xiōngyálì shǒudū shì Bùdápèisī.

The capital of Hungary is Budapest.

奴是古代游牧民族。

Xiōngnú shì gǔdài yóumù mínzú.

The Xiongnu were an ancient nomadic people.

这本书讲述奴历史。

Zhè běn shū jiǎngshù Xiōngnú lìshǐ.

This book narrates the history of the Xiongnu.

牙利语很难学习。

Xiōngyálìyǔ hěn nán xuéxí.

The Hungarian language is very difficult to learn.

历史上奴常侵扰边境。

Lìshǐ shàng Xiōngnú cháng qīnrǎo biānjìng.

Historically, the Xiongnu often harassed the borders.

我对牙利经济很了解。

Wǒ duì Xiōngyálì jīngjì hěn liǎojiě.

I have a good understanding of the Hungarian economy.