Definitions

chù fearful; timid; to fear

Etymology phono-semantic

heart

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

The character is structured as a phono-semantic compound: it combines the vertically-oriented heart radical on the left, which places it in the semantic category of human emotions and psychological states, with the phonetic component on the right providing the pronunciation. Its primary meaning is the emotional experience of fear, dread, or apprehension, a state of alarm or intimidation in response to an external threat or a difficult situation. It frequently appears in specific descriptive compounds that express the feeling of visual shock or emotional disturbance triggered by a frightening sight or intimidating prospect. The presence of the heart radical consistently aligns the character with an internal psychological reaction, rather than any physical action.

Etymology Hide

Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Jin dynasty (266-420 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern