Definitions

de (particle) of; possessive particle; attribute marker
(adverb) really; truly
(noun) aim; target

Etymology

Phonosemantic compound. represents the meaning and represents the sound. The character is based on the original meaning "bright".

About

Originally meaning "bright" or "target" in certain compounds, 的 is a phono-semantic compound. It combines the semantic radical for "white" (白), suggesting brightness or clarity, with the phonetic component for "spoon" (勺). Over time, its meaning shifted from a nominal target to a grammatical particle indicating possession or adjectival modification, replacing classical particles such as "zhī" (之). The character's structure remains identical in traditional and simplified forms, functioning as a compound where the left side conveys meaning and the right side provides the sound.

Etymology Hide

Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

这是我书。

Zhè shì wǒ de shū.

This is my book.

蓝色天空很美。

Lán sè de tiān kōng hěn měi.

The blue sky is very beautiful.

我最喜欢人是妈妈。

Wǒ zuì xǐhuān de rén shì māma.

The person I like the most is Mom.

这是昨天买自行车。

Zhè shì zuótiān mǎi de xīn de zìxíngchē.

This is the new bicycle bought yesterday.

他说故事是很有意思

Tā shuō de gùshi shì hěn yǒu yìsi de.

The story he told is very interesting.

桌子上放是我朋友红色杯子。

Zhuōzi shàng fàng de shì wǒ péngyou de hóng sè bēizi.

What is placed on the table is my friend's red cup.

那个穿着白色衬衫先生是我昨天遇到人。

Nàge chuānzhe báisè chènshān de xiānsheng shì wǒ zuótiān yù dào de rén.

That gentleman wearing the white shirt is the person I met yesterday.

在图书馆认真看书学生们是这座学校最好风景。

Zài túshūguǎn rènzhēn kàn shū de xuéshēngmen shì zhè zuò xuéxiào zuì hǎo de fēngjǐng.

The students who are reading seriously in the library are the best scenery of this school.