Definitions

jiàng (verb) to descend; to fall; to drop
xiáng (verb) to surrender; to submit

Etymology

Depicts two feet (, ) descending down a hill ().

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

(jiàng, xiáng) depicts two feet (, ) descending down a hill (), directly conveying the original meaning of moving from a higher place to a lower one, as in walking downhill or falling from the sky. The character functions as a phono-semantic compound: the hill radical establishes the terrain context, while (jiàng) provides the sound and reinforces the idea of descent with its two downward-pointing foot shapes. From this core sense, it extends to any kind of lowering, temperature, prices, status, and, when pronounced xiáng, to surrender or capitulation in conflict.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Mid Western Zhou (~900 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Warring States (~250 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Warring States (475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

今天温度下了。

Jīntiān wēndù xiàjiàng le.

The temperature dropped today.

飞机落在机场。

Fēijī jiàngluò zài jīchǎng.

The airplane landed at the airport.

公司决定价促销。

Gōngsī juédìng jiàngjià cùxiāo.

The company decided to reduce prices for promotion.

天气预报说明天会水。

Tiānqì yùbào shuō míngtiān huì jiàngshuǐ.

The weather forecast says there will be precipitation tomorrow.

为了健康,他低了糖的摄入量。

Wèile jiànkāng, tā jiàngdī le táng de shèrù liàng.

For health, he reduced his sugar intake.

由于表现不佳,他被级了。

Yóuyú biǎoxiàn bù jiā, tā bèi jiàngjí le.

Due to poor performance, he was demoted.

夜晚临,城市亮起了灯光。

Yèwǎn jiànglín, chéngshì liàng qǐ le dēngguāng.

Night fell, and the city lit up with lights.

在经济危机中,政府被迫低公共开支。

Zài jīngjì wēijī zhōng, zhèngfǔ bèipò jiàngdī gōnggòng kāizhī.

During the economic crisis, the government was forced to reduce public spending.