Definitions

cài (noun) vegetable; vegetables
cài (noun) dish; cuisine
cài (adjective) poor; weak (in skills)

Etymology

Phonosemantic compound. represents the meaning and represents the sound.

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

The character 菜 is structurally composed of the grass radical 艹 positioned above the component 采, which carries the meaning of picking or gathering, directly indicating its original association with edible plants collected for food. In early Chinese texts, the term specifically referred to vegetables, but over time its semantic range widened to include prepared food items and general cuisine, as observable in compounds like 菜肴 for dishes or 酒菜 for food and drink. The components 艹 and 采 have consistently constituted the character, anchoring its meaning to plant-based sustenance and the action of harvesting.

Etymology Hide

Bronze etymology image
Bronze Mid Western Zhou (~900 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

我今天买了

Wǒ jīntiān mǎi le cài.

I bought vegetables today.

妈妈做的很好吃。

Māma zuò de cài hěn hǎochī.

The dishes mom makes are very delicious.

这道太辣了。

Zhè dào cài tài là le.

This dish is too spicy.

我喜欢吃青

Wǒ xǐhuān chī qīngcài.

I like to eat green vegetables.

中国很有名。

Zhōngguó cài hěn yǒumíng.

Chinese cuisine is very famous.

他去市场买新鲜蔬

Tā qù shìchǎng mǎi xīnxiān shūcài.

He goes to the market to buy fresh vegetables.

如果你不吃,会缺乏维生素。

Rúguǒ nǐ bù chī cài, huì quēfá wéishēngsù.

If you don't eat vegetables, you will lack vitamins.

这家餐厅的招牌是烤鸭。

Zhè jiā cāntīng de zhāopái cài shì kǎoyā.

The signature dish of this restaurant is roast duck.