Definitions

tán surname Tan
tán sandalwood; hardwood; purple-red

Etymology phono-semantic

tree

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

The character "檀", which remains consistent in both its traditional and simplified forms, originally denoted a specific type of tree, likely referring to sandalwood or other hardwood species valued for their aromatic and durable qualities. Its structure is a straightforward semantic-phonetic compound, combining the "wood" radical (木) on the left to signify its botanical nature with the component "亶" on the right, which primarily provides phonetic indication but also carries connotations of sincerity and solidity that align with the tree's perceived virtues. From this concrete arboreal meaning, the term's application broadened over centuries to encompass other trees with similar characteristics, such as the wingceltis or blue sandalwood, and further extended into cultural domains, famously appearing in compounds like "檀香" for sandalwood incense. This semantic expansion from a specific tree to a category of precious woods and their associated products was accompanied by the character's adoption as a surname, a common linguistic process where stable and esteemed natural elements become personal identifiers.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Wu (Three Kingdoms: 222-280 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Jin dynasty (266-420 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

这张桌子是木做的。

Zhè zhāng zhuōzi shì tán mù zuò de.

This table is made of sandalwood.

我最喜欢香的味道。

Wǒ zuì xǐhuān tánxiāng de wèidao.

I like the scent of sandalwood the most.

寺庙里弥漫着香。

Sìmiào lǐ mímàn zhe tánxiāng.

The temple is filled with the aroma of sandalwood.

他收藏了一件紫木家具。

Tā shōucáng le yī jiàn zǐtán mù jiājù.

He collected a piece of rosewood furniture.

奶奶的香扇非常精美。

Nǎinai de tánxiāng shàn fēichāng jīngměi.

Grandmother's sandalwood fan is very exquisite.

这块木的纹理清晰美观。

Zhè kuài tán mù de wénlǐ qīngxī měiguān.

The grain of this piece of sandalwood is clear and beautiful.

香的气息使人内心宁静。

Tánxiāng de qìxī shǐ rén nèixīn níngjìng.

The scent of sandalwood brings inner peace to people.

工匠精心雕刻着那块紫木。

Gōngjiàng jīngxīn diāokè zhe nà kuài zǐtán mù.

The craftsman is meticulously carving that piece of rosewood.