Definitions

làn (adjective) rotten; decomposed
làn (adjective) soft; mushy; well-cooked
làn (adjective) messy; chaotic
làn (adjective) worn out; broken down
làn (adverb) utterly; thoroughly

Etymology

Phonosemantic compound. represents the meaning and represents the sound. Simplified form of .

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

The character 烂, whose traditional form is 爛, originated from a semantic association with the element of fire, as seen in its component 火 on the left in the traditional version, combined with 闌 (lán), which originally suggested a barrier or something reaching its limit. This composition initially conveyed a meaning of being brilliantly illuminated or thoroughly cooked, implying a state brought to completion by heat. Over time, this concept of being thoroughly affected by a process, in this case, the transformative and consuming nature of fire, extended metaphorically to describe physical decay and decomposition, as in something becoming soft, mushy, or rotten from over-ripeness or spoilage. This semantic shift from a positive state of radiance or doneness to a negative state of deterioration further broadened to describe things of extremely poor quality, utter failure, or a person's morally corrupt character, completing its journey from a descriptor of a condition achieved by elemental force to one denoting breakdown and inferiority.

Etymology Hide

Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

水果已经腐了。

Shuǐguǒ yǐjīng fǔlàn le.

The fruit has already rotten.

阳光灿的日子。

Yángguāng cànlàn de rìzi.

A day with brilliant sunshine.

孩子们天真漫。

Háizimen tiānzhēn lànmàn.

The children are innocent and artless.

他把课文背得熟。

Tā bǎ kèwén bèi dé lànshú.

He has memorized the text thoroughly.

路上全是泥。

Lùshàng quán shì lànní.

The road is full of mud.

他留下了一个摊子。

Tā liúxiàle yīgè làn tānzi.

He left behind a mess.

他昨晚喝得醉。

Tā zuó wǎn hē dé lànzuì.

He was dead drunk last night.

那个工程尾了。

Nàgè gōngchéng lànwěi le.

That construction project was left unfinished.