Definitions

fǎn (adjective) opposite; contrary; against
fǎn (verb) to reverse; to turn over; to return
fǎn (verb) to oppose; to rebel
fǎn (prefix) anti-

Etymology

Pictograph of a hand () climbing a cliff (). Based on original meaning "climb", now written as . The meaning later shifted to "pull" and "reverse".

About

The character "反" has a traditional form identical to its modern one, originating as a pictographic representation of a hand turning over or against a surface, composed of the cliff or ledge component "厂" and the hand component "又". This foundational concept of turning over or reversing gave rise to its core semantic field, extending to meanings such as turning against, opposing, or rebelling against a prevailing condition. Over time, its application broadened from physical actions to more abstract notions, encompassing ideas of opposition, the contrary side, and even the act of introspection or looking back upon oneself, as seen in the concept of reflection. Its function also became important as a phonetic component in forming other characters, such as "返" (to return) and "饭" (cooked rice or meal), while consistently retaining its own essential connotations of reversal and opposition throughout its historical usage.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Western Zhou (~800 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Western Zhou (~800 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

对这个提议。

Tā fǎnduì zhège tíyì.

He opposes this proposal.

复练习才能学好。

Fǎnfù liànxí cái néng xué hǎo.

Only by practicing repeatedly can one learn well.

这两件事正好相

Zhè liǎng jiàn shì zhènghǎo xiāngfǎn.

These two things are exactly opposite.

他对新环境应很快。

Tā duì xīn huánjìng fǎnyìng hěn kuài.

He reacts quickly to new environments.

而感谢我的批评。

Tā fǎn'ér gǎnxiè wǒ de pīpíng.

She, on the contrary, thanked me for my criticism.

人民抗压迫的斗争持续着。

Rénmín fǎnkàng yāpò de dòuzhēng chíxùzhe.

The people's struggle against oppression continues.

腐败是政府的重要任务。

Fǎn fǔbài shì zhèngfǔ de zhòngyào rènwù.

Anti-corruption is an important task for the government.

面角度思考问题有时很有用。

Cóng fǎnmiàn jiǎodù sīkǎo wèntí yǒushí hěn yǒuyòng.

Thinking from a negative perspective is sometimes very useful.