Definitions

(noun) military service; war; battle
(noun) forced labor; corvée; obligatory task
(verb) to use as servant; to employ

Etymology

Depicts a person () being controlled by a weapon (). Based on the original meaning "to command". The meaning later shifted to "servant" and "service".

About

The character "役" derives from an early association with military service, evident in its structural formation combining the radical "彳", indicating movement or conduct, with the component "殳", representing a hand-held weapon or tool, thus conceptually linking to armed mobilization or compelled labor. Its original meaning focused on concrete duties such as conscription and forced service, but over centuries, the term's application gradually extended to include broader administrative and social obligations, moving from specific martial contexts to general functions and responsibilities. This semantic widening allowed the character to acquire its modern senses of official position, assigned task, and even the role played in a performance, marking a transition from physical service to abstract function.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Mid Western Zhou (~900 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

他在军队服

Tā zài jūnduì fú yì.

He is serving in the military.

是公民的义务。

Bīng yì shì gōngmín de yìwù.

Military service is a citizen's duty.

这场战非常激烈。

Zhè chǎng zhàn yì fēicháng jīliè.

This battle is very fierce.

他退后开始了新生活。

Tā tuì yì hòu kāishǐle xīn shēnghuó.

After retiring from military service, he started a new life.

古代有劳制度。

Gǔdài yǒu láo yì zhìdù.

In ancient times, there was a corvée system.

使牲畜是传统农业的一部分。

Yì shǐ shēngchù shì chuántǒng nóngyè de yī bùfen.

Using draft animals is part of traditional agriculture.

在县衙里当差。

Yá yì zài xiàn yá lǐ dāng chāi.

The yamen runners work in the county yamen.

这场战的胜利改变了历史。

Zhè chǎng zhàn yì de shènglì gǎibiànle lìshǐ.

The victory of this battle changed history.