Definitions

niú (noun) ox; cow; bull
niú (adjective) awesome

Etymology

Pictograph of the head of a cow.

About

The character "牛" originated as a pictographic representation of an ox's head, with its form gradually abstracting into the now-familiar four-stroke configuration that stylizes the animal's horns and facial features. This structural simplicity has allowed the character to maintain a consistent graphical identity over centuries, while its core meaning referring to the bovine animal has persistently anchored its usage. The term has however extended semantically through linguistic evolution, adopting metaphorical roles that draw on cultural associations with oxen, such as strength or obstinacy, observable in compounds like "牛脾气" for stubbornness or its application in "牛市" to describe a rising stock market. Additionally, it functions as a semantic component in various characters, often imparting connotations related to livestock or agriculture, as seen in "牲" for sacrifice or "犊" for calf, without undergoing significant alteration to its own basic form.

Etymology Hide

Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Western Zhou (~800 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

奶很有营养。

Niúnǎi hěn yǒuyíngyǎng.

Milk is very nutritious.

我昨天吃了肉面。

Wǒ zuótiān chīle niúròu miàn.

I ate beef noodles yesterday.

妈妈买了一个油果。

Māma mǎile yīgè niúyóuguǒ.

Mom bought an avocado.

这家餐厅的排很出名。

Zhè jiā cāntīng de niúpái hěn chūmíng.

The steak at this restaurant is very famous.

那个仔骑马的样子很帅。

Nàgè niúzǎi qí mǎ de yàngzi hěn shuài.

That cowboy looks very handsome riding the horse.

早餐我想吃一个角包。

Zǎocān wǒ xiǎng chī yīgè niújiǎobāo.

I want to eat a croissant for breakfast.

投资者都希望遇到市。

Tóuzī zhě dōu xīwàng yù dào niúshì.

Investors all hope to encounter a bull market.

牧场里新出生的犊很健康。

Mùchǎng lǐ xīn chūshēng de niúdú hěn jiànkāng.

The newborn calves on the ranch are very healthy.