Definitions

xiàn (noun) county

Etymology

Simplified form of . Pictograph of a severed head () hanging on a rope () from a tree (). Based on the original meaning "hang" or "suspend". The current meaning is a phonetic loan. The traditional component was removed for simplification.

About

The character for "county", now written as "县", originates from the traditional form "縣", which pictographically represents the concept of an inverted severed head suspended from a thread, initially conveying the idea of something hanging or suspended. This graphic composition, combining elements for silk thread and a head, reflected its early meaning but was later wholly repurposed through a historical administrative metaphor. During the Zhou dynasty and formalized under the Qin, the term was adopted to denote a territorial district, conceptually a remote area "suspended" from or directly connected to the central authority of the prefecture. Over centuries, this administrative meaning became entirely fixed, and the character was subsequently simplified to its current form, "县", which discards the original pictorial elements but preserves the long-established semantic concept of a subordinate regional division.

Etymology Hide

Bronze etymology image
Bronze Mid Western Zhou (~900 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Spring and Autumn (~500 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Warring States (475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

他在城工作。

Tā zài xiànchéng gōngzuò.

He works in the county town.

这个的风景很美丽。

Zhège xiàn de fēngjǐng hěn měilì.

The scenery of this county is very beautiful.

长亲自下乡考察。

Xiànzhǎng qīnzì xiàxiāng kǎochá.

The county magistrate personally went to the countryside to inspect.

我来自中国的一个小城。

Wǒ láizì Zhōngguó de yī gè xiǎo xiànchéng.

I come from a small county town in China.

这个以盛产优质水果而闻名。

Zhège xiàn yǐ shèngchǎn yōuzhì shuǐguǒ ér wénmíng.

This county is famous for producing high-quality fruit.

省政府批准了该的新发展规划。

Shěng zhèngfǔ pīzhǔn le gāi xiàn de xīn fāzhǎn guīhuà.

The provincial government approved the new development plan for that county.

经过行政区划调整,这个镇已经升级为

Jīngguò xíngzhèng qūhuà tiáozhěng, zhège zhèn yǐjīng shēngjí wéi xiàn.

After administrative division adjustments, this town has been upgraded to a county.

两个相邻的在经济发展模式上形成了鲜明对比。

Liǎng gè xiānglín de xiàn zài jīngjì fāzhǎn móshì shàng xíngchéng le xiānmíng duìbì.

Two neighboring counties have formed a sharp contrast in their economic development models.