Definitions

(particle) as; like; such as; as if
(particle) if

Etymology

Depicts a woman () obeying spoken () orders. Based on the original meaning "obey". The meaning later shifted to "be similar" and "like". also serves as a sound component.

About

Composed of the radicals 女 for woman and 口 for mouth, the character 如 initially represented the concept of following or complying, as derived from its pictorial elements. Over centuries, its semantic range extended to include meanings such as similarity, expressed in terms like 'like' or 'as', and conditionality, as in the word for 'if'. This evolution from a verb denoting obedience to a versatile particle and conjunction demonstrates how its core idea adapted to broader linguistic functions.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

果天气好,我们就出去玩。

Rúguǒ tiānqì hǎo, wǒmen jiù chūqù wán.

If the weather is good, we will go out to play.

我不知道何回答这个问题。

Wǒ bù zhīdào rúhé huídá zhège wèntí.

I don't know how to answer this question.

我喜欢水果,例苹果和香蕉。

Wǒ xǐhuān shuǐguǒ, lìrú píngguǒ hé xiāngjiāo.

I like fruits, for example, apples and bananas.

这部电影不那部好看。

Zhè bù diànyǐng bùrú nà bù hǎokàn.

This movie is not as good as that one.

这里的风景此美丽。

Zhèlǐ de fēngjǐng rúcǐ měilì.

The scenery here is so beautiful.

我们所料,他成功了。

Zhèngrú wǒmen suǒ liào, tā chénggōng le.

Just as we expected, he succeeded.

我有时间,我会帮助你。

Jiǎrú wǒ yǒu shíjiān, wǒ huì bāngzhù nǐ.

If I have time, I will help you.

她的笑容阳光一般温暖。

Tā de xiàoróng rú yángguāng yībān wēnnuǎn.

Her smile is as warm as sunlight.