Definitions

xiān (adverb) before; ahead; in advance; first
xiān (adjective) previous; former

Etymology

Depicts a person () stepping forward () leading the way.

About

Originating from an early ideographic composition representing a person with a foot, the character "先" conceptually conveyed movement forward or positional front. Its contemporary structure consists of the component "牛" above "儿", forms which historically derive from graphical representations of a foot and a person respectively. The meaning evolved from the concrete act of advancing or leading to abstract notions of temporal and sequential precedence, resulting in its later uses to indicate "before", "earlier", "first", or "ancestor" within various contexts.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Shang dynasty (~1100 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Mid Western Zhou (~900 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Spring and Autumn (~500 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Warring States (~250 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

去吃饭。

Wǒ xiān qù chī fàn.

I'll go eat first.

你可以走。

Nǐ kěyǐ xiān zǒu.

You can go first.

生来了。

Wáng xiānsheng lái le.

Mr. Wang has come.

我们到里面去。

Wǒmen xiān dào lǐmiàn qù.

We'll go inside first.

洗手,再吃饭。

Nǐ xiān xǐ shǒu, zài chī fàn.

First wash your hands, then eat.

在开会之前,我们讨论一下。

Zài kāihuì zhīqián, wǒmen xiān tǎolùn yīxià.

Before the meeting, let's discuss first.

如果你完成作业,就可以看电视。

Rúguǒ nǐ xiān wánchéng zuòyè, jiù kěyǐ kàn diànshì.

If you finish your homework first, you can watch TV.

在考虑长期投资之前,必须了解市场风险。

Zài kǎolǜ chángqī tóuzī zhīqián, bìxū xiān liǎojiě shìchǎng fēngxiǎn.

Before considering long-term investment, one must first understand market risks.