Definitions

xīn (adjective) new; newly

Etymology

Depicts using a weapon () to defend an area () in a boundary (). Based on the original meaning "area", now written as . The current meaning is a phonetic loan.

About

The character "新" derives from an early phono-semantic construct where the elements 木 for wood and 斤 for axe conveyed the core idea of cutting timber, while 辛 served as a phonetic component. This original structure reflected the concrete action of harvesting fresh wood, a practice which gradually lent its association to the abstract quality of newness. Graphically, the form stabilized into the modern configuration of 亲 alongside 斤, with the left component evolving from the historical fusion of 辛 and 木. The semantic shift from the specific act of woodcutting to the general adjective "new" was complete over centuries, entirely displacing the literal meaning in favor of denoting recent origin or freshness in contemporary usage.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Warring States (~400 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Jin dynasty (266-316 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

这是我的书。

Zhè shì wǒ de xīn shū.

This is my new book.

我买了衣服。

Wǒ mǎi le xīn yīfu.

I bought new clothes.

她认识了朋友。

Tā rènshi le xīn péngyou.

She made a new friend.

闻很有趣。

Xīnwén hěn yǒuqù.

The news is interesting.

老师教我们数学。

Xīn lǎoshī jiāo wǒmen shùxué.

The new teacher teaches us math.

技术发展很快。

Xīn jìshù fāzhǎn hěn kuài.

New technology develops quickly.

我们需要学习知识。

Wǒmen xūyào xuéxí xīn zhīshi.

We need to learn new knowledge.

适应环境需要时间。

Shìyìng xīn huánjìng xūyào shíjiān.

Adapting to a new environment takes time.