Definitions

(verb) to herd; to raise livestock
(verb) to govern; to oversee

Etymology

A hand  leading an ox 

About

The character 牧, from its earliest forms, is a semantic compound whose structure directly illustrates its original meaning. It combines the component for an ox or cow (牛) on the left with a component on the right depicting a hand holding a stick or tool (攴), which was later stylized. This composition explicitly denotes the action of driving or tending cattle, representing the work of a herdsman or shepherd. Over time, its application broadened from the specific management of livestock to encompass more general concepts of cultivation, nurture, and even rulership, as seen in classical terms where governing people was metaphorically likened to herding. The character’s form has remained largely consistent, and its core idea of guiding and overseeing, derived from its pictorial logic, has been maintained throughout its history.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Shang dynasty (~1100 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Shang dynasty (~1100 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Shang dynasty (~1100 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Shang dynasty (~1100 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Mid Western Zhou (~900 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Western Zhou (~800 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

羊很辛苦。

Mùmín mù yáng hěn xīnkǔ.

Herdsmen herding sheep is very hard work.

童骑在牛背上。

Mùtóng qí zài niú bèi shàng.

The shepherd boy rides on the cow's back.

这片场非常广阔。

Zhè piàn mùchǎng fēicháng guǎngkuò.

This pasture is very vast.

师在教堂讲道。

Mùshī zài jiàotáng jiǎng dào.

The pastor preaches in the church.

春天来了,民开始放

Chūntiān lái le, mùmín kāishǐ fàngmù.

Spring has come, and the herdsmen start herding.

每天清晨,他都会去场检查。

Měi tiān qīngchén, tā dōu huì qù mùchǎng jiǎnchá.

Every morning, he goes to the pasture to check.

因为场管理得好,牛羊长得肥壮。

Yīnwèi mùchǎng guǎnlǐ de hǎo, niú yáng zhǎng de féi zhuàng.

Because the pasture is well managed, the cattle and sheep grow fat and strong.

现代畜业采用了高科技手段,提高了生产效率。

Xiàndài xùmùyè cǎiyòng le gāo kējì shǒuduàn, tígāo le shēngchǎn xiàolǜ.

Modern animal husbandry uses high-tech methods, improving production efficiency.