Definitions

(adjective) bitter; painful
(noun) hardship; suffering
(verb) to suffer; to endure hardship

Etymology

Phonosemantic compound. represents the meaning and represents the sound.

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

The character "苦" is structurally composed of the grass radical "艹" positioned above the phonetic component "古", a formation that directly points to its etymological origins in describing the bitter taste of certain plants. Initially conveying the concrete sensory experience of acrid or pungent flavors found in herbs, its meaning progressively expanded to encompass abstract conditions of hardship, pain, and distress, thereby transferring a physical attribute into a metaphor for life's difficulties. This evolution in usage, from denoting a specific taste to representing general suffering, illustrates a broader linguistic pattern where tangible qualities acquire figurative dimensions while the character's form has remained consistent.

Etymology Hide

Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

这药味道很

Zhè yào wèidào hěn kǔ.

This medicine tastes very bitter.

他工作很辛

Tā gōngzuò hěn xīnkǔ.

He works very hard.

学习有时很辛

Xuéxí yǒushí hěn xīnkǔ.

Studying is sometimes very hard.

笑着摇了摇头。

Tā kǔxiào zhe yáole yáotóu.

She smiled bitterly and shook her head.

为了生活,他吃了很多

Wèile shēnghuó, tā chīle hěnduō kǔ.

For the sake of life, he endured a lot of hardship.

虽然训练很,但他从不放弃。

Suīrán xùnliàn hěn kǔ, dàn tā cóng bù fàngqì.

Although the training is hard, he never gives up.

难并没有击垮他的意志。

Kǔnàn bìng méiyǒu jīkuǎ tā de yìzhì.

Hardship did not crush his will.

历经多年的楚,他终于看到了希望的曙光。

Lìjīng duō nián de kǔchǔ, tā zhōngyú kàndàole xīwàng de shǔguāng.

After years of bitterness, he finally saw the dawn of hope.