Definitions

nán (noun) south
nán (adjective) southern

Etymology

Depicts a bell-shaped musical instrument. The current meaning of is a phonetic loan.

About

The character "南" originally depicted a musical instrument, likely a bell or drum, in its earliest forms before being borrowed to represent the cardinal direction south due to phonetic association. Its modern structure, consistent across writing systems, is conventionally analyzed as comprising the components "十" and "冂", though this arrangement is a later orthographic standardization that obscures the initial pictographic design. The meaning transitioned fully from musical instrument to direction by the classical era, with "南" subsequently denoting south, southern regions, and orientations related to that direction.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Western Zhou (~800 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Warring States (~400 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

方很暖和。

Nánfāng hěn nuǎnhuo.

The south is very warm.

我家住在城

Wǒ jiā zhù zài chéng nán.

My home is in the south of the city.

他一直往走。

Tā yīzhí wǎng nán zǒu.

He kept walking south.

方的水果很甜。

Nánfāng de shuǐguǒ hěn tián.

The fruits from the south are very sweet.

京是座古老的城市。

Nánjīng shì zuò gǔlǎo de chéngshì.

Nanjing is an ancient city.

这个房间窗户朝

Zhège fángjiān chuānghù cháo nán.

The window of this room faces south.

岛的风景特别美。

Hǎinán dǎo de fēngjǐng tèbié měi.

The scenery of Hainan Island is especially beautiful.

美洲有很多热带雨林。

Nánměizhōu yǒu hěnduō rèdài yǔlín.

There are many rainforests in South America.