About
The character 恧 is a phono-semantic compound with the semantic radical 心 (heart/mind) at the bottom, indicating it relates to an emotional or psychological state. The phonetic component 而 above it provides the pronunciation. Its core meaning is the feeling of deep shame or embarrassment, typically describing a person's acute awareness of their own moral failing or inadequacy, and it is primarily found in classical Chinese literature as a formal literary expression.
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