Definitions

jiān (adjective) difficult; hard
jiān (noun) hardship

Etymology phono-semantic

tough

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

The character "艰" originates from its traditional form "艱", which is composed of the component "堇", historically associated with clay or difficulty, and "艮", denoting toughness or stubbornness, together forming a semantic combination for hardship. The structural evolution involved simplifying "艱" by substituting the complex "堇" with the component "又", resulting in the contemporary form "艰". Throughout its historical usage, the character has consistently conveyed meanings related to difficulty, adversity, and suffering, evident in classical texts and modern vocabulary alike.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Western Zhou (~800 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

学习是难的。

Xuéxí shì jiānnán de.

Learning is difficult.

他面对难的挑战。

Tā miànduì jiānnán de tiǎozhàn.

He faces difficult challenges.

克服难需要勇气。

Kèfú jiānnán xūyào yǒngqì.

Overcoming difficulties requires courage.

他在苦的环境中工作。

Tā zài jiānkǔ de huánjìng zhōng gōngzuò.

He works in arduous conditions.

这项任务巨而重要。

Zhè xiàng rènwù jiānjù ér zhòngyào.

This task is formidable and important.

他们经历了辛的旅程。

Tāmen jīnglìle jiānxīn de lǚchéng.

They experienced an arduous journey.

苦的训练使他更强壮。

Jiānkǔ de xùnliàn shǐ tā gèng qiángzhuàng.

The arduous training made him stronger.

尽管前路险,他依然坚持。

Jǐnguǎn qiánlù jiānxiǎn, tā yīrán jiānchí.

Although the road ahead is perilous, he still persists.