Definitions

shāng (noun) commerce; trade; business
shāng (noun) merchant; trader
shāng (verb) to consult; to discuss
Shāng (noun) Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BC)

Etymology

Origin unclear. Composed of (chisel) and (pedestal) with being later added as a distinguishing component for the name of an ancient kingdom.

Semantic: Phonetic:

About

The character "商" originates from its association with the Shang dynasty, with its early structure conceptually linked to ideas of estimation and deliberation. This inherent sense of calculation provided a basis for its semantic shift toward activities involving exchange and trade, eventually becoming the primary term for commerce and business in the language. Alongside this commercial meaning, it preserved a related sense of consultation and discussion, evident in its use within compounds that refer to negotiating or planning matters. The structural consistency of the character over time has facilitated the retention of these interconnected meanings without substantial graphical modification.

Etymology Hide

Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Oracle etymology image
Oracle (~1250-1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Late Shang dynasty (~1100 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Western Zhou (~1000 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Bronze etymology image
Bronze Early Warring States (~400 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Chu (Warring States: 475-221 BC)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Seal etymology image
Seal Shuowen (~100 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Qin dynasty (221-206 BC)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Western Han dynasty (202 BC-9 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Clerical etymology image
Clerical Eastern Han dynasty (25-220 AD)
Traditional Modern
Simplified Modern

Example Sentences Hide

我去店买东西。

Wǒ qù shāngdiàn mǎi dōngxi.

I go to the store to buy things.

我爸爸是个人。

Wǒ bàba shì gè shāngrén.

My father is a businessman.

我们量一下。

Wǒmen shāngliang yīxià.

Let's discuss a bit.

这些品很便宜。

Zhèxiē shāngpǐn hěn piányi.

These goods are very cheap.

业活动很频繁。

Shāngyè huódòng hěn pínfán.

Commercial activities are very frequent.

这个场有很多店铺。

Zhège shāngchǎng yǒu hěn duō diànpù.

This shopping mall has many shops.

他们正在谈合作事宜。

Tāmen zhèngzài shāngtán hézuò shìyí.

They are negotiating cooperation matters.

务旅行需要提前准备。

Shāngwù lǚxíng xūyào tíqián zhǔnbèi.

Business trips require advance preparation.